一、前言 在消息中间件中有 2 个重要的概念:消息代理和目的地。当消息发送者发送消息后,消息就被消息代理接管,消息代理保证消息传递到指定目的地。
我们常用的消息代理有 JMS 和 AMQP 规范。对应地,它们常见的实现分别是 ActiveMQ 和 RabbitMQ。
上篇文章 《Spring Boot 入门之缓存和 NoSQL 篇(四)》 。
二、整合 ActiveMQ 2.1 添加依赖 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 如果需要配置连接池,添加如下依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId> <artifactId>activemq-pool</artifactId> </dependency>
2.2 添加配置 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # activemq 配置 spring.activemq.broker-url=tcp://192.168.2.61:61616 spring.activemq.user=admin spring.activemq.password=admin spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false spring.activemq.pool.max-connections=50 # 使用发布/订阅模式时,下边配置需要设置成 true spring.jms.pub-sub-domain=false
此处 spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false,表示关闭连接池。
2.3 编码 配置类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 @Configuration public class JmsConfirguration { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "activemq_queue"; public static final String TOPIC_NAME = "activemq_topic"; @Bean public Queue queue() { return new ActiveMQQueue(QUEUE_NAME); } @Bean public Topic topic() { return new ActiveMQTopic(TOPIC_NAME); } }
负责创建队列和主题。
消息生产者:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 @Component public class JmsSender { @Autowired private Queue queue; @Autowired private Topic topic; @Autowired private JmsMessagingTemplate jmsTemplate; public void sendByQueue(String message) { this.jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(queue, message); } public void sendByTopic(String message) { this.jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(topic, message); } }
消息消费者:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Component public class JmsReceiver { @JmsListener(destination = JmsConfirguration.QUEUE_NAME) public void receiveByQueue(String message) { System.out.println("接收队列消息:" + message); } @JmsListener(destination = JmsConfirguration.TOPIC_NAME) public void receiveByTopic(String message) { System.out.println("接收主题消息:" + message); } }
消息消费者使用 @JmsListener 注解监听消息。
2.4 测试 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class JmsTest { @Autowired private JmsSender sender; @Test public void testSendByQueue() { for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) { this.sender.sendByQueue("hello activemq queue " + i); } } @Test public void testSendByTopic() { for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) { this.sender.sendByTopic("hello activemq topic " + i); } } }
打印结果:
1 2 3 4 5 接收队列消息:hello activemq queue 1 接收队列消息:hello activemq queue 2 接收队列消息:hello activemq queue 3 接收队列消息:hello activemq queue 4 接收队列消息:hello activemq queue 5
测试发布/订阅模式时,设置 spring.jms.pub-sub-domain=true
1 2 3 4 5 接收主题消息:hello activemq topic 1 接收主题消息:hello activemq topic 2 接收主题消息:hello activemq topic 3 接收主题消息:hello activemq topic 4 接收主题消息:hello activemq topic 5
三、整合 RabbitMQ 3.1 添加依赖 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> </dependency>
3.2 添加配置 1 2 3 4 5 spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.2.71 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=light spring.rabbitmq.password=light spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/test
3.3 编码 配置类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 @Configuration public class AmqpConfirguration { //=============简单、工作队列模式=============== public static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE = "simple_queue"; @Bean public Queue queue() { return new Queue(SIMPLE_QUEUE, true); } //===============发布/订阅模式============ public static final String PS_QUEUE_1 = "ps_queue_1"; public static final String PS_QUEUE_2 = "ps_queue_2"; public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout_exchange"; @Bean public Queue psQueue1() { return new Queue(PS_QUEUE_1, true); } @Bean public Queue psQueue2() { return new Queue(PS_QUEUE_2, true); } @Bean public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE); } @Bean public Binding fanoutBinding1() { return BindingBuilder.bind(psQueue1()).to(fanoutExchange()); } @Bean public Binding fanoutBinding2() { return BindingBuilder.bind(psQueue2()).to(fanoutExchange()); } //===============路由模式============ public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_1 = "routing_queue_1"; public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_2 = "routing_queue_2"; public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct_exchange"; @Bean public Queue routingQueue1() { return new Queue(ROUTING_QUEUE_1, true); } @Bean public Queue routingQueue2() { return new Queue(ROUTING_QUEUE_2, true); } @Bean public DirectExchange directExchange() { return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE); } @Bean public Binding directBinding1() { return BindingBuilder.bind(routingQueue1()).to(directExchange()).with("user"); } @Bean public Binding directBinding2() { return BindingBuilder.bind(routingQueue2()).to(directExchange()).with("order"); } //===============主题模式============ public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_1 = "topic_queue_1"; public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_2 = "topic_queue_2"; public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic_exchange"; @Bean public Queue topicQueue1() { return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_1, true); } @Bean public Queue topicQueue2() { return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_2, true); } @Bean public TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE); } @Bean public Binding topicBinding1() { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1()).to(topicExchange()).with("user.add"); } @Bean public Binding topicBinding2() { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2()).to(topicExchange()).with("user.#"); } }
RabbitMQ 有多种工作模式,因此配置比较多。想了解相关内容的读者可以查看本站的 《RabbitMQ 工作模式介绍》 或者自行百度相关资料。
消息生产者:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 @Component public class AmqpSender { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate; /** * 简单模式发送 * * @param message */ public void simpleSend(String message) { this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.SIMPLE_QUEUE, message); } /** * 发布/订阅模式发送 * * @param message */ public void psSend(String message) { this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", message); } /** * 路由模式发送 * * @param message */ public void routingSend(String routingKey, String message) { this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, routingKey, message); } /** * 主题模式发送 * * @param routingKey * @param message */ public void topicSend(String routingKey, String message) { this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, routingKey, message); } }
消息消费者:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 @Component public class AmqpReceiver { /** * 简单模式接收 * * @param message */ @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.SIMPLE_QUEUE) public void simpleReceive(String message) { System.out.println("接收消息:" + message); } /** * 发布/订阅模式接收 * * @param message */ @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_1) public void psReceive1(String message) { System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message); } @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_2) public void psReceive2(String message) { System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message); } /** * 路由模式接收 * * @param message */ @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_1) public void routingReceive1(String message) { System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message); } @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_2) public void routingReceive2(String message) { System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message); } /** * 主题模式接收 * * @param message */ @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_1) public void topicReceive1(String message) { System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message); } @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_2) public void topicReceive2(String message) { System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message); } }
消息消费者使用 @RabbitListener 注解监听消息。
3.4 测试 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class AmqpTest { @Autowired private AmqpSender sender; @Test public void testSimpleSend() { for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) { this.sender.simpleSend("test simpleSend " + i); } } @Test public void testPsSend() { for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) { this.sender.psSend("test psSend " + i); } } @Test public void testRoutingSend() { for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) { this.sender.routingSend("order", "test routingSend " + i); } } @Test public void testTopicSend() { for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) { this.sender.topicSend("user.add", "test topicSend " + i); } } }
测试结果略过。。。
踩坑提醒1:ACCESS_REFUSED - Login was refused using authentication mechanism PLAIN
解决方案:
请确保用户名和密码是否正确,需要注意的时用户名和密码的值是否包含空格或制表符。
如果测试账户使用的是 guest,需要修改 rabbitmq.conf 文件。在该文件中添加 “loopback_users = none” 配置。
踩坑提醒2:Cannot prepare queue for listener. Either the queue doesn't exist or the broker will not allow us to use it
解决方案:
我们可以登陆 RabbitMQ 的管理界面,在 Queue 选项中手动添加对应的队列。
四、源码下载 五、参考资料